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61.
62.
以5个芽黄品系和6个常规品种进行不完全双列杂交,测定30个组合在主要农艺性状上的杂种优势和配合力。试验结果表明,陆地棉芽黄品系和常规品种杂交,F1具有明显的杂种优势。比较各性状竞争优势的相对大小可知,子、皮棉产量的优势最大,分别达10.57%和10.78%,果枝数、果节数、铃数和早熟性次之,纤维品质性状的优势较小。其中10个组合F1皮棉产量的竞争优势率超过15%杂种棉审定的增产阈值,尤以(nv32×苏棉3号)、(v16v17×鲁棉11号)这两个组合最突出。不同组合杂种一代间的性状变异主要受基因型控制,16个性状同时具有显著或极显著的亲本一般配合力和组合特殊配合力差异,芽黄品系和常规品种间杂种优势的利用潜力较大。 相似文献
63.
利用6个粳型不育系和6个恢复系,采用不完全双列杂交法配制了36个杂交组合,对其8个数量性状的一般配合力及亲本间组合的特殊配合力效应进行了分析。结果表明,株高、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、稳秕粒数、千粒重这几个性状受亲本一般配合力的影响,单株粒重受特殊配合力的影响,单株稳数的一般配合力和特殊配合力作用相近。其中不育系552A的穗总粒数、稳实粒数、单株粒重等一般配合力的相对效应值较大,恢复系FR796、2002FR24的穗总粒数、穗实粒数、单株粒重的一般配合力的相对效应值较大。 相似文献
64.
65.
Sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) is due to the dual infection and synergistic interaction of Sweetpotato feathery mottle potyvirus (SPFMV) and Sweetpotato chlorotic stunt crinivirus(SPCSV), and causes up to 98% yield loss in sweetpotato in East Africa. This study was conducted to determine the inheritance
of resistance to SPVD in sweetpotato and to estimate the nature of genetic variance. Ten parental clones varying in reaction
to SPVD were crossed in a half diallel mating design to generate 45 full-sib families. The families were graft-inoculated
with SPCSV and SPFMV to induce SPVD and evaluated for resistance in a randomized complete block design at two sites in Namulonge,
Uganda during 1998–2000. In serological assays for SPFMV and SPCSV,resistance to symptom development and recovery from initial
systemic SPVD symptoms, characterised resistant genotypes. Genetic component analysis showed significant effects for both
general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for resistance to SPVD. GCA to SCA variance component
ratios were large (0.51–0.87), hence GCA effects were more important than SCA effects. Resistant parents exhibited high GCA
indicating that additive gene effects were predominant in the inheritance of resistance to SPVD and recovery. Narrow-sense
heritability (31–41%) and broad-sense heritability (73–98%) were moderate to high, indicating that rapid genetic gains for
SPVD resistance could be accomplished by mass selection breeding techniques. Two genotypes, New Kawogo and Sowola, had high
negative GCA effects and had several families in specific crosses,which exhibited rapid recovery from SPVD,and are promising
parents for enhancement of SPVD resistance and recovery.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
66.
Introgression of the winter gene pool into spring wheat is being considered as one of the strategies to break through the yield plateau. However, little information is available on the combining ability of these two important but distinct groups of wheats in Indian conditions. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to determine the combining ability and gene action of yield and yield attributes in winter × spring wheat crosses. Seventy F1 progenies developed by 14 winter and five spring wheat lines using a line × tester design were evaluated, along with their parents, for yield and yield attributes in a randomized complete block design under field conditions. The mean squares for all the characters studied showed highly significant differences. The mean squares due to female × male interactions were significant for all the characters studied except for grains per ear and grain weight per ear. Additive genetic effects were found to play a key role in controlling the expression of days to heading, plant height and spikelets per ear.‘MV 19’ and ‘Stepniak’/‘Karvuna’ among winter and ‘PBW 65’ among spring wheats were good general combiners for most of the yield attributes studied. The estimates for specific combining ability effects suggested that, although general combining ability (GCA) effects of most winter wheats are either average or poor, their combination can give desirable genotypes with spring wheat parents possessing a high GCA. 相似文献
67.
Summary In a comparison of methods to study inheritance of plant elongation ability, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, and 35-day-old F2 populations of a cross between Baisbish (floating variety) and IR42 (nonelongating semidwarf modern variety) of rice, (Oryza sativa L.) were subjected to 65 cm water depth for 7 days. Frequency distribution of plant height before and after submergence was obtained. Bimodal curves in 15-, 20- and 25-day-old populations gave good fits to 9:7 elongating: nonelongating plants, suggesting that elongation was due to two dominant complementary genes. Segregation in the 30-day-old population was not clear-cut. A seedling age of 20 days was subsequently chosen for further studies.Two F2's involving floating rice and a nonelongating semidwarf; four F2's involving floating rice and an elongating semidwarf; and two F2's involving elongating and nonelongating semidwarf parents were studied with 20-day-old seedlings in the same way. Floating rice combinations with nonelongating semidwarf parents as well as with elongating semidwarf parents segregated into 9:7 elongating: nonelongating ratio. It is possible that because elongating and nonelongating dwarf parents did not differ much in elongation ability at seedling age, their combination with floating rice parents provided similar segregation. The F2 distributions for height in elongating and nonelongating dwarf cross combinations were continuous with one peak.Genetic constitution of parents proposed are Sd1 Sd1 El El for floating parents, sd1 sd1 El El for semidwarf elongating, and sd1 sd1 el el for dwarf nonelongating. 相似文献
68.
J. Hill 《Euphytica》1996,92(1-2):135-138
Summary The problems posed by breeding components for use in binary mixtures are discussed. Breeding and selection strategies designed to overcome some of these problems are outlined. 相似文献
69.
Summary Three Cucumis sativus L. (CS) lines adapted to USA growing conditions were used as female parents in crosses to one line each of seven Cucumis sativus var. hardwickii (R.) Alef. (CH) accessions used as male parents to determine the relative combining ability of the CH accessions for six horticultural characters. The 21 F1 progenies were grown in a randomized complete block design in two locations and evaluated for fruit number, lateral branch number, fruit length, fruit length/diameter ratio, number of female flowering nodes, and days to anthesis. General combining ability (GCA) was significant for all characters in each location. Specific combining ability (SCA) was significant for all characters except days to anthesis in one location and lateral branch number in both locations. Significant location × combining ability interactions were also evident for several characters. Results suggest that CH may be useful for improving fruit yield in commercial cucumber, but that limitations may lie in the attainment of acceptable fruit.Research supported by the College of Agric. and Life Sci., Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison; USDA, ARS, and by funds from Pickle Packers Intl., Inc. Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee of warranty of the product by the USDA and does not imply its improval to the exclusion of the other products or vendors that may also be suitable. 相似文献
70.
E. Ebmeyer 《Plant Breeding》1988,101(3):200-207
Handcrosses were made in a factorial manner with 24 Vicia faba inbred lines m three sets, each between four male and four female parents. The resulting 48 hybrids, their parental inbreds and three commercial varieties were grown in performance trials during the years 1985—87 with three replications at one location. Yield and yield components were recorded on single plant basis. The average superiority of the hybrids above the control varieties was 26 % in plant yield. The best crosses outyielded the controls by more than 50 %. However, a few inbred lines also reached, the yield level of the controls. The average heterosis was significant for all characters except for maturity date. In plant yield the average heterosis was 75%, ranging between 34% and 148% in the various cross combinations. The highest average heterosis of 110 % was observed in yield at the lateral stems. In all characters the best inbreds were superior to the lower hybrids and in some characters even equal to the average of the hybrids. A strong positive relationship was found for all characters between hybrid performance and mid-parent value and between the per se performance of the inbreds and their general combining ability. Genotypic differences between the hybrids as well as between the inbreds were highly significant. Most of the variability between the hybrids in all characters were attributed to general combining, ability with only little evidence for specific combining ability. In the discussion the results are evaluated according to the choice of the breeding category of the partial allogamous faba bean species. 相似文献